V sredo, 23. novembra 2022, smo imeli v okviru krožka Mladi in EU v šolski knjižnici dr. Antona Breznika predavanje dr. Mateja Avblja z naslovom Evropa, quo vadis?
Dr. Matej Avbelj je redni profesor na Novi univerzi, kjer predava predmete s področja teorije in prava EU ter upravnega prava na Fakulteti za državne evropske študije. Leta 2004 je magistriral na New York University School of Law, leta 2009 pa je doktoriral na European University Institute v Firencah. Na svojem področju je zelo dejaven, prejemnik več domačih in tujih nagrad, večkrat je bil uvrščen med deset najvplivnejših pravnikov v Sloveniji. Je avtor številnih znanstvenih člankov, ki so izšli v pomembnih mednarodnih revijah, trenutno pa vodi raziskovalne projekte s področja sodne ideologije ter integralne teorije prihodnosti Evropske unije. K nam je prišel v okviru projekta Jean-Monet (ki ga tudi vodi), podeljenega s strani Evropske komisije. Projekt stremi k temu, da bi mladim vzbudili zanimanje za Evropsko unijo.
Predavanje se je začelo s pogovorom o Konferenci o prihodnosti Evropske unije, ki je potekala med aprilom 2021 in majem 2022. Konferenca je z več kot petimi milijoni obiskovalcev večjezične platforme in več kot 700.000 udeleženci dogodkov prinesla zanimiv spisek reformnih predlogov o prednostnih nalogah in izzivih, ki čakajo EU. Dr. Avbelj je izrazil upanje, da bo konferenca odskočna deska za spremembo ustanovnih pogodb ter tesnejšo povezanost EU. A obstoj tesnejše monetarne, fiskalne, zdravstvene, varnostne in obrambne unije narekuje tudi obstoj ustrezne politične volje, ki pa marsikje žal manjka.
Pogovarjali smo se o vplivih medijev na naše dojemanje EU, njihovi kakovosti in problematiki njihove vpetosti v nacionalni kontekst. Kar 80 % vseh slovenskih zakonov namreč vsaj posredno prihaja iz evropskega demokratičnega političnega procesa, le 20 % jih oblikuje slovenska vlada. A kljub temu je volilna udeležba na evropskih volitvah le 25 %.
Cilj Konference o prihodnosti Evropske unije je zato bil tudi spodbuditi nacionalno demokratično zavest ljudi k zanimanju za evropske zadeve. Potem nam je dr. Matej Avbelj na kratko predstavil zgodovino EU in vlogo trgovine pri vzpostavitvi že 70 let trajajočega miru znotraj EU ter kako smo danes prišli do tega, da imamo skupno valuto. Predstavil je tudi projekt Next Generation Europe, s katerim upravlja Evropska komisija, ki želi s skupnimi naložbami v vrednosti preko 800 milijard € EU popeljati na pot zelene in digitalne družbe.
Predstavil nam je tudi tri vizije prihodnosti EU. Vizija statusa quo ante (vizija, ki stremi k vzpostavitvi tistega, kar je bilo prej), po kateri so se zgledovali Britanci z Brexitom. Težava pri že obstoječem statusu quo je, da države članice niso več samozadostne, prav tako pa v EU nočejo prenesti določenih pristojnosti z nacionalnih ravni, zato je status quo čedalje manj politično vzdržen. Reformni scenarij je tretja vizija prihodnosti, ki bi jo po mnenju dr. Mateja Avblja dosegli samo, če bi naredili demokratični mobilizacijski proces, ki bi vzvaloval zanimanje ljudi v državah članicah za preobrazbo EU.
To bi se lahko zgodilo le z ustavnim procesom, s pomočjo katerega bi šla EU v proces sprejemanja ustavnega dokumenta, v zvezi s katerim bi potekale resne politične razprave tako na nacionalni kot na evropski ravni in glede katerega bi potem potekale razprave različnih demokratičnih sil. Za prihodnost Evropske unije je nujno, da državljani članic razvijemo občutek pripadnosti tudi EU. Tak ustavni transparentni politični proces lahko tudi veliko terja, saj bi se z njim odprla pandorina skrinjica medsebojnih razlik med evropskimi državami. Te razlike bi lahko uničile, kar imamo zdaj.
Po zelo zanimivem in poučnem predavanju je sledil še čas za vprašanja.
Ema Knez, 4. č
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