Po definiciji v SSKJ je retorika znanje govorjenja. A govoriti znamo že od malih nog – zakaj bi potem potrebovali predavanja retorike v 4. letniku gimnazije? Izkaže se, da retorika ni obtičala v antiki, ampak je še kako pomemben dejavnik tudi v današnjem času.
Retoriko tvorijo tri sredstva prepričevanja: logos, ethos in patos. Prvi del projekta je potekal v petek, 9. oktobra 2020. V prvih treh šolskih urah smo se dijaki seznanili s pojmom logos; ta predstavlja vsebino govora, našo sposobnost logičnega sklepanja ter argumentacijo. Argumentacija ni prisotna samo pri debatnih krožkih, ampak jo je dobro obvladati tudi v vsakdanjem življenju. Vsakič, ko poskušamo razložiti ali upravičiti svoje stališče, morda prepričati druge v svoj prav, ali pa samo problematizirati aktualno tematiko, se poslužimo argumentiranja. In če hočemo, da je naše mnenje tehtno, mora biti premišljeno strukturirano. A ker smo ljudje zahtevna bitja, sama vsebina govora ni dovolj, da bi nas prepričala. Zelo veliko vlogo zato odigrata še ethos in patos, s katerima smo se spoznavali v drugem delu dneva. Ethos predstavlja kredibilnost govorca, njegov značaj in simpatičnost, na podlagi česar se odločamo, ali je vreden našega zaupanja. Patos pa je čustveni element, s katerim dober govorec nase pritegne popolno pozornost poslušalcev in jih pripravi do tega, da se poistovetijo z njegovim govorom. V to kategorijo spadajo tudi zelo zanimive tematike neverbalnih znakov, kot sta npr. telesna govorica in obrazna mimika.
Sveže pridobljeno znanje smo uporabili v drugem delu projekta v ponedeljek, 12. oktobra. Vsak maturant je sestavil krajši govor in ga predstavil sošolcem, iz vsakega razreda pa smo potem določili dva najboljša govorca, ki naj bi svoj govor predstavila v dvorani Matije Tomca. Zaradi tehničnih težav je bilo potrebno malo improviziranja, zato smo izbrane govorce posneli v razredih, kar se bo uredilo v skupen video ter tako vse govore predstavilo celotni generaciji.
Kaj smo odnesli od vsega tega? Malo več samozavesti. Nasvete, kako navdušiti profesorja pri ustnih spraševanjih ter razred na govornih nastopih. Kako zmagati v prepirih. Kam obrniti noge, ko sedimo v družbi. Kako si zagotoviti službo. V skrajnosti tudi, kako manipulirati z ljudmi. Predvsem pa, kako biti v svetu slišan in upoštevan.
Lucija Vrhovnik, 4. c
“S programom retorike sem bil zadovoljen. Izvedel sem marsikatero uporabno informacijo in nasvet glede javnega nastopanja. Prepričan sem, da mi bo to znanje prišlo velikokrat prav. Tudi nastopi sošolcev so bili zanimivi in vredni poslušanja.”
“Osebno mi je bila retorika precej všeč, posebej zanimivi in uporabni so se mi zdeli psihološki nasveti za javno govorjenje, pa tudi nekateri govori sošolk in sošolcev so bili precej zabavni.”
“Program Retorike se mi je zdel zanimiv. Sicer smo veliko stvari poznali že iz filozofije, a sta bila utrjevanje in bolj natančna razlaga vsekakor uporabna. Govor in nastopanje sta dve izmed pomembnejših veščin za življenje, zato sta se mi zdela tako predavanje kot nastop koristna.”
“V petek smo poslušali predavanje o argumentiranju in nastopanju. Posebej zanimivo je bilo v ponedeljek, ko smo tudi sami sestavili in predstavili svoje govore. Lepa izkušnja!”
“Na tečaju retorike so nas izkušeni profesorji najprej poučili o tem, kako postaviti trden argument, kako z dobrim govorom predstaviti svoja stališča, kaj vse je pomembno za prepričljivo izvedbo govora … Nato pa smo se tudi praktično preizkusili kot veliki antični govorci ter se ob tem dobro nasmejali.”
“Izkušnja je bila zanimiva, čeprav mi je bilo med teorijo malce dolgčas, saj smo večino, predvsem o argumentiranju, delali že pri filozofiji. Zelo zabavno je bilo poslušati ostale govore, predvsem tiste z malo manj resno tematiko.”
“Izboljšali smo se v veščini, ki je danes skoraj enako pomembna kot obvladovanje svojega področja. Znati ga moramo tudi ustrezno predstaviti, pri čemer nam pomaga retorika. Najbolj mi je bilo všeč pridobljeno znanje o zgradbi govora in menim, da mi bo še mnogokrat koristilo na karierni poti, saj dandanes brez marketinga in dobre predstavitve ne gre.” (Jakob Jaklič, 4. c)
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